Balanced Scorecard Designer

Exporting data from the BSC Designer project is an important function, widely used by our clients while maintaining the Balanced Scorecard concept within the company. The tool allows a wide range of easy to create and understandable reports, including several types of HTML – based reports (Export to HTML, HTML report for selected item, Overview report, Dashboard report for the whole project and for selected item, Strategy Map report), Microsoft Office Suite –based reports (Exporting data to MS PowerPoint and MS Excel). Those reports not only export data from the BSC Designer project (*.bsc file) but also build diagrams and charts, showing different aspects of data, presented in the project.

MS Excel report (“Export to Excel” function) with BSC Designer

This article is aimed to describe the most unusual and unique report, which in some way cannot even be called report, because it contains lots of digits, but no graphs or diagrams. MS Excel Report (or “Export to Excel” function) really has unique structure and the situations, it could be used successfully, might differ from the cases, the other reports (like HTML or MS PowerPoint) could be used. The purposes of Excel Report’s usage might be the following:

How to create MS PowerPoint Report with BSC Designer

Let’s create and explore the MS Excel report with BSC Designer to learn more about this powerful and unique function. A real example of creating MS PowerPoint report will be described and shown.

Launch BSC Designer (Standard or Pro version) and open one of the projects (the default one will be used in our case). Then change some of indicators maximal and minimal values – it will be needed to show the potential of Excel report. The next step to be recommended is filling the project with random values. This function also allows the report to show all its functionality by filing the project with values for the selected period of time. If you already had a chance to use time points in your project (if your project is already filled with values for different dates), it would be better for you to skip this step. Check out the article called “How to manage time points with BSC Designer” to learn more about the calendar function and time points management, it provides. To fill the project with random values, click on “Tools” button on the top menu and select “Fill with random values” sign. That is it, we have just filled our project with values for different time points within the selected period.

Now, when the project is filled up with the different values of the indicators and their parent categories, it could be presented in report. So it’s time to create the MS Excel report. Click on “Reports” button on the top menu and select “Export to MS Excel” sign. Please make sure you have MS Excel program (the part of the Microsoft Office suite) installed on your computer and registered, otherwise BSC Designer will not be able to export the information. After “Generate” button was clicked, MS Excel will be launched and the report, created by BSC Designer, will be opened. Congratulations! The report has just been created! Now every of its features will be shown and described. If you are not BSC Designer user yet and you are not able to create the report, you may download the full version of the report, described in this article.

The top field of MS Excel report with BSC Designer

The top field of the Excel report contains the basic information for the project. First of all it presents the project’s name (it is “Balanced Scorecard” in our case) and its description (in our case it is “The default project filled with random data created to show how to operate with BSC Designer software”). This information could be changed by the user manually while editing Excel file or, but also it could be changed in BSC Designer program, so this information will be exported correctly not only to MS Excel, but also to MS PowerPoint and HTML formats of reports. To change this information, open BSC Designer, click on “File” button on the top menu and select “Document Properties” sign. Then input the author’s name and type correct project’s name (for example, Financial Scorecard) instead of “Balanced Scorecard”. Press “OK” button to apply changes.

Then the report shows the performance values for the main categories and the whole project’s total performance. Please note, oppositely to other reports, showing performance values (Export to HTML, HTML report for selected item, Dashboard report for the whole project and for selected item, exporting to MS PowerPoint) MS Excel report does not ask user to select the reporting period – it shows the value only for the date, which is currently selected on the calendar (read more about the calendar function and time points management in the article: How to manage time points with BSC Designer).

Now let’s move to the “Help” field – it says: You can change the values in “weight” column, the value must be between 0 and 10; You can change the values in “Value” column; That is really one of the most important point of MS Excel report with BSC Designer – it actually could be used as an alternative tool to manage *.bsc projects. Changing the values and the weights, it will automatically recalculate the project’s performance. All the formulas to recalculate the performance already exist in the *.xls / *.xlsx file, created by BSC Designer. So the project might be operated with Excel even without using BSC Designer at all. Certainly, the functionality of using this configuration of Excel project is limited by values for indicators and weight management, but it could be enough in some cases. For example, this file could be shared with colleagues or other people involved (for example, outsourcers), who are not equipped with BSC Designer, but equipped with MS Office with MS Excel in it. Excel version of BSC Designer project, i.e. MS Excel report, does not support management of a time points and that is why the time dynamics cannot be displayed in it. We will show the example of changing values and weights directly in Excel (not BSC Designer) later, after the columns of data will be described.

The left part of the chart (the beginning)

Let’s start describing the chart, presenting one of the categories. All the columns, presented on the image are actually easy to understand: “Perspective” field shows the name of the category, “indicator” field shows the name of the indicators, “Description” field shows description for the categories and for the indicators. “Weight” column shows weight values for the elements: yellow color for the categories and green for the indicators; those values could be changed manually while editing MS Excel project, changes of weight values will cause the changes of their parent items (categories or subcategories) performance values: the more is the weight of the item (the range is from 0 to 10), the more important it appears to be for the parent category. For example, the category with the three indicators in it, having weight values of 1, 2 and 10: the changes of the first two indicators’ (weight = 1, weight = 2) values will have much less effect on the category’s performance, than any changes of the last indicator’s (weight = 10) value. “Value” column shows the values of the indicators and the calculated value of the categories. Changing the values of the indicators will affect the performance values of their parent categories and the whole project. The values, showing on this column are exact values, had been set in the BSC project (without linking to “Min” and “Max” values).

The right part of the chart (the end of it)

Continuing describing the informative chart for the category, we are moving to the right part of it. The picture presents 4 more columns. “Target Value” column shows the goal for the indicator – the ideal number, which is needed to be reached in order for company to achieve the strategic goal (or part of it), measured by the indicator. It could be minimal number for the indicator or the maximal, depending on the optimization direction (read more about optimization direction of the indicator in the article “How to manage indicators and performance values with BSC Designer”). “Target Description” column presents the information from the same field of BSC Designer Project, located on the bottom panel for every of the indicators – this information does not participate in the calculations. “Absolute Weight” column shows the coefficient of weight value of the item, referring to the whole project’s performance. The numbers here depend on both the indicator’s own weight and its parent category’s weight. This column shows technical measuring information, which is not presented in BSC Designer’s project, but it is presented here in Excel Report to give users a possibility to improve the file or to link it to some other database if needed; usually such procedure is performed by technical professionals of the company or outsourcers. One more column, presenting technical information is named “Absolute Performance”. This is an absolute value, which depends on absolute weight value of the item, its current value, minimal and maximal values and the direction of the optimization and the formula of the optimization (read more about customizing formulas for the indicators in the article “ How to build performance formula with BSC Designer ”). For example, with maximizing direction of the optimization and the standard formula of calculation, the formula of calculating Absolute Performance value will be the following: (Absolute Weight) * ( Value – Min ) / ( Max – Min ). The value, opposite to target one is also presented in the chart, it is located under unnamed column, left to “Absolute Performance” column, lettered “M” in our example. This value is minimal when the maximizing direction of optimization is selected and maximal for minimization direction of optimization.

Editing file in MS Excel

We have promised to describe how to manage values of the items and their weights in MS Excel without using BSC Designer. First of all, let’s change the weights values for the indicators of the category called “Education and Growth Perspective”. When the report was created, the weights of the indicators were the following: 2, 7, 1. Their parent category’s value with those settings was “58.13”, % and the whole project’s value was “64.92”, %. Now we will change the weight values for the indicators to 4, 6, 9 directly in MS Excel. After the new weights are input, MS Excel project recalculates the performance of the category into “69.55”, % and the performance of the whole project into: “67.20”, %. The same way we could change the values for the indicators – after new value will be added, MS Excel will recalculate the performance values of the categories and for the whole project.

Editing weights – before changing

Editing weights – after changing

Here you may download the full version of MS Excel report, which had been shown in this article to look through it or it might be even better to create your own report using BSC Designer right now!

Alternatives

As you see, MS Excel report is not just a report but a project, living is own life. BSC Designer does not just transfer its data to MS Excel but also provide users with an opportunity to change weights and values so the project’s value will be automatically recalculated. Certainly, such MS Excel project does not provide users with an important function – time points. That is why it is not going to be easy to see the dynamics of values in time, using only MS Excel. MS Excel report is unique when it comes to creating some huge database on Excel project’s base or integrating data from BSC Designer project to the existing database of the company. It sure needs lots of knowledge referring to database management and SQL computer language and only a high ranking specialist could perform this.

AKS-Labs also provides its customers with one more alternative to paid versions of the tool. The free one is called BSC Designer Light and, oppositely to MS Excel project, it allows to work with time points. This version is limited by functionality but it still could be more useful in some cases, such as: sharing the project’s data with colleagues or other people involved (for example, outsourcers), who are not equipped with paid version of BSC Designer; changing the basic aspects of project’s data and perform simple indicators and categories management (including time points management) functions without paid version of BSC Designer. There is no opportunity in BSC Designer Light to create such informative reports as HTML report, PowerPoint report, Dashboard report, available in BSC Designer Standard and BSC Designer Pro and there are more limitations of functionality (check out the full chart, presenting the difference between functionality of versions on this page).

Expert_KPI Articles, Features, Screenshots alternatives, BSC, bsc designer, how to, MS Excel report, reports

Reports play significant role in Balanced Scorecard system maintenance. There are lots of ways to show the information, measured by the dashboard to the one who created the exact task and knows every detail of it, but what if it comes to the need of presenting information to the investor or the shareholder, who might not know all the detail of the process?

First of all, when it comes to presentation, the first tool that comes to mind of most of MS Windows OS users is certainly MS PowerPoint, the part of the Microsoft Office suite. PowerPoint is widely used by business people, educators, students, and trainers because of its availability, simplicity and usability.

The second thing is when the tool is determined, it needs to export the information to it and in most of cases, and just copying the data from the dashboard and pasting it to PowerPoint does not make lots of sense. It sure is much better when the dashboard has its own function to export the information to PowerPoint the way, it could already be presented.

That is why BSC Designer allows the function of exporting the information to MS PowerPoint (also called “PowerPoint report”). This function could be really helpful in the following cases:

• To report about the activity’s performance to senior managers;
• To keep the report files in achieves for internal or external inspections needs;
• To make clear and informative presentations of the activity’s performance to the top management, management company as well as to shareholders and investors.

How to create MS PowerPoint Report with BSC Designer

Now let’s try to create MS PowerPoint report to see what it contains. A real example of creating MS PowerPoint report will be described and shown.

Launch BSC Designer (Standard or Pro version) and open one of the projects (the default one will be used in our case). The next step to be recommended is filling the project with random values. This function allows the reports to show all its functionality by filing the project with values for the selected period of time. If you already had a chance to use time points in your project (if your project is already filled with values for different dates), it would be better for you to skip this step. Check out the article called “How to manage time points with BSC Designer” to learn more about the calendar function and time points management, it provides. To fill the project with random values, click on “Tools” button on the top menu and select “Fill with random values” sign. All right, we have just filled our project with values for different time points within the selected period.

Now, when the project is filled up with values of indicators for different dates, the dynamics appeared for the project, so it could be presented in report. Now let’s create the PowerPoint report. Click on “Reports” button on the top menu and select “Export to MS PowerPoint” sign. The new dialog window will appear; select the reporting time period (it will be “last week” in our case) and click on “Generate” button. Please make sure you have MS PowerPoint program (the part of the Microsoft Office suite) installed on your computer and registered, otherwise BSC Designer will not be able to export the information. After “Generate” button was clicked, MS PowerPoint will be launched and the report, created by BSC Designer, will be opened. Congratulations! The report has just been created! Now every important slide of it will be described in details.

What does MS PowerPoint Report contain

Now when the report is ready let’s see what it contains and where does the information come from. Please note, if the report, created by you is not alike the one, that is shown below, it means you have an old version of BSC Designer Program. In this case, it is recommended to download the latest version of the program directly from our site and reinstall the software. The download page could be found here. Now we will start with MS PowerPoint presentation slides.

The first slide shows the general information: the name of the project reporting, the reporting time period and the author’s name. The name of the project and the author’s name could be changed manually in PowerPoint, but also it could be changed in BSC Designer program, so this information will be exported correctly not only to MS PowerPoint, but also to MS Excel and HTML formats of reports. To change this information, open BSC Designer, click on “File” button on the top menu and select “Document Properties” sign. Then input the author’s name and type correct project’s name (for example, Financial Scorecard) instead of “Balanced Scorecard”. Press “OK” button to apply changes and recreate the report (“Reports” -> “Export to MS PowerPoint”), if needed, so it could present correct information.

The second slide of the MS PowerPoint report presents the overview for the project. It actually contains the same image, the Overview Report presents (read more about Overview Report in the article: Reports with BSC Designer: Overview and Dashboard). To be short, both the Overview Report and the second slide of the MS PowerPoint report show the map of the elements (categories, subcategories and indicators), the project contains, mentioning their names and descriptions. This chart does not contain any information concerning performance values (BSC Designer and even the describing report allows several other tools to present the performance values) but shows only the overview for the project to provide better orientation and understanding the reporting project. If you want to change the information presented in this slide (or in the Overview Report), change the names and the descriptions for categories and indicators, your project contains and recreate the report (“Reports” -> “Export to MS PowerPoint”).

The third slide starts the report of the main category (the whole project; it is named “Balanced Scorecard” by default). It contains the general information concerning the performance values presented in textual format, including:

• Start Value – the value, the category had at the beginning of the reporting period;
• End Value – the value, the category had at the end of the reporting period;
• Dynamics – the difference between the Start Value and the End Value (Dynamics = End Value – Start Value).

Also there is a chart presented on the slide, which shows the performance data overview for every of the elements, included in the reporting category.

There are no maximal and minimal values in this slide because all the categories in BSC Designer are calculated within minimal value of ”0” and maximal value of “100” and the measure unit for the them can only be “%”. That does not mean you cannot select measure units at all but the functions, allowing editing performance values’ details, are available for the indicators (read more about editing performance values for the indicators in the article “How to manage KPIs using BSC Designer’s functions”). The categories, on the other hand, are aimed to automatically calculate the performance of the indicators and subcategories they include and show this information in a form of a point in the range from 0 percent to 100 percent.

The next slide continues the report of the main category. It presents the time performance chart for the category within the reporting period. More information about the time chart could be found in the article “How to visualize data with BSC Designer: diagrams and charts”. Time chart clearly shows the dynamics of the category’s performance and looks much more presentable, then just digits.

As for the colors of borders, they could be green, yellow and red. “Good” performance values area is marked with green light, red area is for “bad” performance and yellow area shows that the performance is not “bad” already but is not yet “good”. Certainly both “bad” and “good” terms have their own performance percentage value. By default, green area are covers the graph within the interval of 80 – 100, %%, yellow color is for 21 – 79, %% and red colored area covers the graph within the interval of 0 – 20, %%. Those boarders could be changed by the user, find out how to do this in the paragraph named “Stop Lights” of the article “ How to visualize data with BSC Designer: signal icons ”.

This slide finishes the report for the main category with the second graph, presented for it – the gauge diagram. This slide is also aimed to present the information for the category’s performance value in a form of understandable image, to make it more clear and presentable. Definitely, Gauge diagram shows the percentage of performance value for any item of the tree (both the categories and the indicators). The hand shows current performance value (End Value of reporting period to be exact) comparing to “min” (the left starting point; it is 0 percent in our case) and “max” (the right finishing point; it is 100 percent in our case) values. Read more about Gauge diagram in the article: “Gauge diagram added! HTML reports updated!” The colors boarders of gauge diagram could be managed the same way as it was described above.

This slide is an overview for the part of report, presenting one of the indicators value. Just like the same slide for the category, this one contains Start Value, End Value and Dynamics. But the indicator’s slide also shows: Score (the value of the indicator, measured with its own measure units without referring to determined minimal and maximal values), “Min” and “Max” values (oppositely to categories, indicators might have any minimal and maximal values set by the user), “Parent” field (shows the category or subcategory, which is parent for the indicator), Measure unit (it could be %, Score or any other measure unit added and selected by the user), Optimization method (also called Optimization Direction: shows the direction, the indicator’s value aims to; read more about optimization directions for the indicators in the article “ How to manage indicators and performance values with BSC Designer ”) There are also time performance chart and gauge diagram slides, presented in MS PowerPoint report for indicators. We won’t describe them in detail, because they are almost the same as for the categories.

Here you may download the full version of MS PowerPoint report, which had been shown in this article to look through it or it might be even better to create your own report using BSC Designer right now!

Expert_KPI Articles, Features, Screenshots BSC, bsc designer, BSC report, how to, power point, powerpoint, reports

Balanced Scorecard on all organizational levels

Connect, Collaborate and Control with the Balanced Scorecard

Presentation that covers the most important questions about Balanced Scorecard and its implementation on all organizational levels.

Download PowerPoint Presentation right now:

Presentation: Balanced Scorecard on all organizational levels

Why use the Balanced Scorecard?

• Opinions from Balanced Scorecard experts
• Use the Balanced Scorecard to improve business performance
• Implement Balanced Scorecard on all levels
• Collaborate and improve business performance

admin Articles BSC, levels, presentation

According to our surveys, one of the most important BSC Designer’s functions for our clients is reporting. Visualizing data and exporting it into convenient format makes it possible for employees to easily present the information to the higher level of management as well as to investors and shareholders. The latest version of the tool allows users to create: several types of HTML – based reports (Export to HTML, HTML report for selected item, Overview report, Dashboard report for the whole project and for selected item, Strategy Map report), MS Excel report and MS Power Point report. Common HTML report is already available for BSC Designer Standard. In the previous article called “Reports with BSC Designer” a common HTML report was described; it actually is still available in BSC Designer Standard and Pro. But now BSC Designer Pro allows to customize this report using its special HTML Report Builder.

But our program’s development had not stopped on this wide range but created feature to improve the tool’s report functioning even more!

We are glad to introduce you the function of customizing the HTML report! Now with BSC Designer Pro you are available to:

• Set maximal number of characters in description length for Overview report (so even long element’s descriptions will fit to the Overview report);
• Select the location of graphs, presented in HTML report separately for categories and for indicators (select between placing graphs in one or two columns; you can choose different orders for categories and for indicators);
• Select what types of graphs to present in HTML report separately for categories and for indicators (select the order of different types of graphs placement and specify what exact types of graphs you need to present data separately for categories and for indicators).

How to work with Report settings (Report builder)

Let’s see how to set up reports using BSC Designer Pro. A real example of creating HTML reports, which are set up in different ways will be described and shown.

Launch BSC Designer Pro and open one of the projects (the default one will be used in our case). The next step to be recommended is filling the project with random values. This function allows the reports to show all its functionality by filing the project with values for the selected period of time. If you already had a chance to use time points in your project (if your project is already filled with values for different dates), it would be better for you to skip this step. Check out the article called “How to manage time points with BSC Designer” to learn more about the calendar function and time points management, it provides. To fill the project with random values, click on “Tools” button on the top menu and select “Fill with random values” sign. All right, we have just filled our project with values for different time points within the selected period.

When we have got values of indicators for different dates, the dynamics appeared for the project, so it could be presented in report. Now let’s try to create HTML report without changing anything in report settings. Click on “Reports” button on the top menu and select “Export to HTML” sign. The new dialog window will appear; select a time period of one week and make the report advanced. Check out the article called “Reports with BSC Designer” to learn how to work with pre-settings of the HTML report and what every option presented here actually mean. Opening the report, which has just been created, we will see HTML file, which includes information for all the elements starting with Balanced Scorecard (the whole project) and finishing with the indicators. As for graphs, presented in this report, we will see the following:

Diamond diagram, Time chart, Pie diagram and Absolute Weight chart
are presented for the categories

Time chart, Optimization chart, Absolute Weight chart and Gauge diagram
are presented for the indicators

Here you may check out the full report for the default project filled with random values and time points with default HTML report settings.

Opening Report Builder

But using Report Builder, available in BSC Designer Pro, we can now change the order of placement and the types of graphs appeared in the HTML report! To enter the Builder click on “Reports” button on the top menu and select “Report Options” sign. The following window will appear:

Report builder of BSC Designer Pro, default configuration

The configuration, the Report Builder shows when you open it for the first time, is default one. According to these settings, the previous HTML report was created and it also is the only configuration, available in BSC Designer Standard (Standard version does not include this Builder).

Now the builder options will be described and the examples of different configurations will be shown.

“Max description length in Overview Report” option

“Max description length in Overview Report” option does not change HTML report somehow – its purpose is to make an Overview report (find more information about Overview Report in the article “Reports with BSC Designer: Overview and Dashboard”) to present all the text of descriptions for project tree elements (both the categories and the indicators). The number, you will input to this field, will be the maximal number of characters of description, presented in Overview Report.

Let’s try to change max description length in Overview report so such description as “All the financial and accounting related data, showing the financial situation in company. The values of indicators of this category help informing the answer to the question “How do we look to shareholders?” for the category named “Financial Perspective” will fit in Overview report. Our example for description contains 196 characters, when the default configuration is set up to maximum of 80 characters. Input “196” (or bigger number) instead of “80” into “Max description length in Overview Report” field in the Report Options dialog field and click “OK” button to apply changes. Now let’s try to create the Overview report (“Reports” -> “Overview Report”), all the description text should now be presented:

Overview report now presents all the description’s text

Here you may check out the full version of the Overview Report for the project.

1 or 2 columns placement

The choice between 1 column and 2 columns placement is a choice of the order for graphs to be placed in HTML report. By default it is configured for the two columns placement (which could be more convenient to view on a computer’s display) but it could be changed to one column placement (which could be more convenient to view in printing version or in some other cases). As you can see on the image above, there are separated options for categories and for indicators, so you are able to select one column placement for categories but two columns placement for indicators or otherwise. Customize the appearance of graphs, presented for elements in the HTML report the way, you actually want!

Let’s change the order of graphs placement this way: leaving 2 columns placement for the indicators but selecting 1 column placement for the categories. Click on “OK” button in the Report Options dialog field to apply changes and create HTML report (“Reports” -> “Export to HTML”).

Configuration of HTML Report with different orders of graphs placement for the categories and the indicators

Charts placement order for the categories have been changed, it is now 1 columns placement order

Charts placement order for the indicators have not been changed, it is still 2 columns placement

Here you may check out the full version of the HTML Report for the default project, filled with random data and time points, with Report Option configured this way.

Selecting types of graphs and the order of diagrams and graphs appearance

The most useful function, Report Builder provides is selecting types of diagram to appear in reports. Actually at the moment the tool offers 6 diagrams and charts to present different aspects of project’s data. Find more details about any of the diagrams in the articles: “How to visualize data with BSC Designer: diagrams and charts (Part 1 and Part 2)” and “Gauge diagram added! HTML reports updated!”. Here we will just mention the list of the diagrams and charts available in BSC Designer:

• Time chart presents data both for the categories and for the indicators. Available in both Standard and Pro BSC Designer versions;
• Optimization chart presents data only for the indicators. Available in both Standard and Pro BSC Designer versions;
• Pie diagram presents data both for the categories and for the indicators. Available only in BSC Designer Pro version;
• Absolute Weight chart presents data both for the categories and for the indicators. Available only in BSC Designer Pro version;
• Gauge diagram presents data both for the categories and for the indicators. Available only in BSC Designer Pro version;
• Diamond Chart presents data only for categories, which include at least three elements (indicators or subcategories). Available in both Standard and Pro BSC Designer versions.

Now let’s reconfigure the HTML report so it could show some other types of diagrams and charts, than it was with the default settings. Open the Report Builder (“Reports” -> “Report Options”) and select some types of diagrams and charts separately for the ceategories and for the indicators. Let it be Pie diagram, Time chart, Optimization chart and Gauge diagram for indicators and Diamond chart, Time chart, Absolute Weight chart and Gauge diagram for the categories. When the types of diagrams and charts are selected, click “OK” button to apply changes. After the configuration is applied, create the HTML report to see how it looks (“Reports” -> “Export to HTML”).

Configuration of HTML Report with different types of graphs appearance for the categories and the indicators

The HTML report, created with this Builder configuration: graphs for the categories

The HTML report, created with this Builder configuration: graphs for the indicators

Here you may check out the full version of the HTML Report for the default project, filled with random data and time points, with Report Option configured this way.

Expert_KPI Articles, Features, Screenshots bsc designer, BSC report, custom report, how to, HTML reports, overview report, report builder, reports

Cascading: conclusion

Indicative and Imperative KPIs

It is not a secret that in practice the system of budgetary management receives unflattering recalls and censures for the completely avoidance a company strategy, i.e. there is no direct connection of the budget of development (constituted on three – five years for fulfillment of KPIs of the Innovation and Learning and Internal Process Perspectives) and the master budget (the system of the interconnected budgets approved for no more than a year). At the same time, if the process of construction of budgetary management model is performed in coordination with the strategy, formulated in terms of KPIs, such system is really capable to solve the problems facing to top management of the company, referring to the corporate administration. To implement the model of KPIs to the multi level companies’ management systems (with the need of organizing cascading: the process of distribution of authorities and responsibilities for indicators among the lower hierarchy level subsystems’ managers and specialists) it is rational to divide KPIs into the following groups:

• “Indicative” indicators;
• Imperative (control) indicators.

The quantity indicative KPIs correlates with the purposes and processes of the services and divisions, associated with them. Examples of such KPIs could be: “Quantity of document circulation per week”, “Quantity of specialized exhibitions per season” and others. So “indicative” indicators can be both leading, and lagging.

Imperative (control) indicators are creating by the top hierarchy levels of management and their quantity is the same as the quantity of Perspectives, the top level categories, including the overall sum of the subcategories and KPIs. All the imperative indicators are actually lagging ones. These indicators are needed for top management (it also can be a management company) to control the performance of lower level management (it also can be an enterprise or a factory). Thus it is supposed that target values of control indicators are formed by the higher level management (or company) in an exclusive order and “lowers” them downwards for fulfillment. The purpose of lower level management is to form the target values of indicative KPIs the way, so: on the one hand, their achievement will be directly connected and aimed to achieve the imperative KPIs target values; from the other hand, they could direct the resources (Human, Financial and others) to full-scale realization of strategic goals. At the same time, to maintain of integrity of the management system, the overall set of indicative and control KPIs needs to be determined for all chain of management beforehand. such managerial technique promotes realization of a principles of Management by objectives (МВО). MBO concept’s important statement is all levels of management hierarchy to be involved in process of achieving strategic goals, using the language of KPI as all – fits – one to organize well functioning cascading and both ways feedback (for example, orders <-> reports).

The map of the article

• Part 1: This part introduces the basic statements of KPI based management. Also it defines the term KPI;
• Part 2: BSC management system’s methodology;
• Part 3: Leading and Lagging indicators concept as an inherent part of KPI based management;
• Part 4: This part presents the basic criteria of what KPI to include in the map;
• Part 5: Cause and effect relations between KPIs;
• Part 6: The beginning of Cascading description: classification of indicators for management according to their importance
• Part 7: Conclusion of Cascading description: Indicative and Imperative KPIs

Expert_KPI Articles, Balanced Scorecard Theory balanced scorecard, BSC, key performance indicator, kpi, strategy, studies, theory

Cascading

One of the most important purposes of management is performing well organized cascading. Cascading could be determined as the process of distribution of authorities and responsibilities for indicators among the lower hierarchy level subsystems’ managers and specialists.

It needs to be mentioned that the cause and effect relations between indicators, presented in the map of KPIs, are mostly not function (can not be presented in a way of mathematical formulas). For example, the achievement of desired performance value for such budgeting indicator as “the percentage of innovation investment” (a part of Innovation and Learning perspective) does not cause directly improvement of the value of such indicator as “Cleanliness of metal fusion” (Internal Process

Perspective), but it creates «strategic base» to achieve this improvement. It means, it usually needs a lot of managerial work to focus human resources as well as other type of resources (and for example, financial) to achieve the target value of some indicator.

Classification of indicators for management according to their importance

While creating a model of KPI based management for the certain company, it needs KPIs for management to be divided into the following groups according to their importance*:

• KPI of strategic type;
• KPI of standard type.

KPI of strategic type are linked directly with the company’s strategy. The achievement of target values of such indicators cause significant changes in the whole company. It needs for managers to initiate and monitor the set of complex activities, usually in different hierarchy levels, to achieve the target values. It needs active management’s initiatives: the actions leading to essential “break” of one of process aspects (for example, product’s quality, automation, department and operation group management system construction, and others). Strategic KPIs usually show the nature of Strategic Plan referring to the language of measurement, being whole company’s first – priority. The last but not the least is that Strategic KPIs’ target values present the competitive advantage, the company is aimed to.

As for standard type of KPIs, its values could be supported by managers to be frozen within some particular interval in short term period. Oppositely to strategic KPIs, standard ones are linked directly neither to the strategy, nor to operational management. A good example of such KPI could be “current liquidity coefficient” indicator; its value could easily be supported by managers to be limited within the interval from 2 to 2.25.

In needs to be noticed that considering indicator to belong to standard or strategic depends on the strategic plan, top managers created and approved. The more important the KPI is, referring to strategic plan, the closer it comes to be considered strategic. The process of division the indicators into those two groups is an important company’s activity, because it needs a well optimized resources distribution for the strategy to be realized. Considering every indicator to be strategic, the company might face shortage of resources when it comes up to realize the strategic goals via directed operational activities. A good example of the importance of resources distribution according to the company’s strategic goals could be a work of subsystem of budgeting. Read more about cooperation of BSC (a type of KPIs based management concept) and the subsystem of budgeting in the article: “BSC and the systems of management: BSC and the Budgeting system”.

Plans (budgets) in the given context are meant as plans in the quantitative expression, displaying achievement of KPIs. Since the model of the interconnected plans and budgets needs to guarantee the consistency of the information in budgets, this instrument should be implemented to the process of balancing target values in model KPI. Thereupon the expanded demands are needed to be made to a planning and budgeting subsystem, integrated in the company: this subsystem should become the basic instrument of quantitative planning and modeling within the whole company. For example, the standard indicator of the “turn-around time of a debt receivable” can be calculated on the basis of the given operating budgets. In turn, it is necessary to form a special development budget, in addition to basic types of budgetary management subsystems, for the monitoring of KPI’s values of strategic type (for example, “The market share”, “Cleanliness of metal fusion”) could be performed as well. This special development budget (for example, the budget of investments, the budget of capital investments) needs to be aimed to realization of long-term projects with the established budgets (in contrast with achievement of certain target significances of data KPI).

(*) The importance of KPIs could also be presented and measured using a weight value parameter. Most of dashboards, aimed to support KPI and BSC management concept, provide weight values management as a necessary attribute of KPIs. Knowing weights of indicators, presenting on the dashboard or some type of report, helps resource distribution (for example, budgeting plan) to proceed according to the strategic plan, providing most important activities with more assets. Also weight values presence on a dashboard directs the attention of managers to the indicators, important for the priority strategic goals to be achieved and makes them to provide more initiatives to the activities, associated with those indicators.

The map of the article

• Part 1: This part introduces the basic statements of KPI based management. Also it defines the term KPI;
• Part 2: BSC management system’s methodology;
• Part 3: Leading and Lagging indicators concept as an inherent part of KPI based management;
• Part 4: This part presents the basic criteria of what KPI to include in the map;
• Part 5: Cause and effect relations between KPIs;
• Part 6: The beginning of Cascading description: classification of indicators for management according to their importance
• Part 7: Conclusion of Cascading description: Indicative and Imperative KPIs

Expert_KPI Articles, Balanced Scorecard Theory balanced scorecard, BSC, key performance indicator, kpi, strategy, studies, theory

Cause and effect relations between KPIs

While building a map of KPIs for the departments and the responsibility centers, the process of defining cause and effect relations between KPIs is also performing. Those relationships could be divided into two groups: clear (the ones that might be calculated) and unclear (hidden) ones. Clear (computational) cause – effect relationships can provide the way to calculate a higher level KPIs on the basing on lower level KPIs’ values. Unclear (hidden) indicators present cause – effect relationships between KPIs, which belong to different categories or subcategories. While building the conceptual map, it needs the quantity of KPIs, which refer to management level, to be limited by 15 – 20 ones for one level of management. It is urgent for big companies with sophisticated hierarchy; it is aimed to prevent the KPIs to be mixed up and present conflicting information. This suggestion of limitation of the KPIs is based on concept called “necessary minimum provides the best way to present the achievement of goals”, which appeared as a result of practical repots of companies in different business sectors and locations. It is certainly is not an absolute rule, but the logic of preventing the map of KPIs to be overloaded by the quantity of measures needs to be understood by top management.

The process of establishing cause and effect relations between KPIs, which form the structure of the system, is actually the process of balancing the scorecards. While performing the relations’ determinations and formalization, strategic hypothesis, related to the way on how one indicator’s performance value dynamics depends on another KPI’s performance value dynamics, appear as well as relatively redundant indicators are determining. Usually each hypothesis has a formalized nature, i.e. it actually represents the certain stable assumption, which usually is one of the strategic points (for example: «Achievement of the set market share promotes share price persistent growth»).

The presence of hypotheses, related to cause and effect relations of strategic goals between each other, can be revealed on the following basic points:

• Evidence of logical interrelation between indicators;
• The function relations between indicators exist and can be presented in a way of mathematical formulas;
• The correlation linking between the indicators existence is proved by the correlation coefficient, which had been determined as a result of the analysis and research (this point highly increases probability of existence of a cause and effect relation).

The process of balancing scorecards is the last stage to complete the creation and forming KPIs’ map. When the dynamics of KPI’s values, referring to the strategic management is defined, it needs the stability of cause and effect relations between indicators to be verified in an operative mode with the purposes of formation of more exact cause and effect hypotheses.

The map of the article

• Part 1: This part introduces the basic statements of KPI based management. Also it defines the term KPI;
• Part 2: BSC management system’s methodology;
• Part 3: Leading and Lagging indicators concept as an inherent part of KPI based management;
• Part 4: This part presents the basic criteria of what KPI to include in the map;
• Part 5: Cause and effect relations between KPIs;
• Part 6: The beginning of Cascading description: classification of indicators for management according to their importance
• Part 7: Conclusion of Cascading description: Indicative and Imperative KPIs

Expert_KPI Articles, Balanced Scorecard Theory balanced scorecard, BSC, key performance indicator, kpi, strategy, studies, theory

BSC management system methodology

Balanced Scorecard concept is one of the most influential conceptual solutions of strategic management on indicators and also most widely spread among the companies worldwide. It offers to divide all the key performance indicators by the strategic purposes, the activity, they measure, is directed to. Those directions are called “the Perspectives” in Balanced Scorecard methodology (read more in the article: “What is Balanced Scorecard concept”). There are four of them according to the original concept: Financial perspective, Customer perspective, Innovation and learning perspective and Internal process perspective (read more about every perspective’s standings in the article: “What is Balanced Scorecard concept: the four perspectives”). All the KPIs become a part of one of the Perspectives. Financial perspective usually includes KPIs, which present cost indexes of the company, its yield, liquidity and solvency; such as: Return on investment, Cash flow and others. Customer Perspectives include KPIs, presenting customer’s satisfaction and marketing actions’ efficiency; such as: “New customers acquired”, “Complaints number”, “Customer attrition” and others. Innovation and Learning Perspective include KPIs, which present innovational techniques creation, finding and implementation as well as development and education projects progress; such as: Number of ideas developed within measurement period, Number of collected ideas that were implemented, % of ideas that are funded for development and others. Internal Process Perspective include KPIs, which measure the effectiveness of existing technological and administrative activities within the company also called business process; such as: Administrative expense (total revenues, %), Administrative expense (customer, $), Lead time, product development, days, Lead time, from order to delivery, Days and others.

There is no all – fit – one set of indicators, it needs every company to create its own. The main factors that influence on the KPIs are the following:

• Business sector;
• Business development directions;
• Company’s structure;
• Features of the company relations with macro economical and an operational environment;
• Top management’s needs and expectations of BSC implementation and functioning.

Oppositely to KPIs, the Perspectives are considered universal (according to the original Kaplan’s and Norton’s concept). Practically, the four Perspectives really could fit most of the companies but it is not necessary to be limited by them. One of the ideas of concept’s founders is to open manager’s eyes to such non-material activities as innovation or process optimization. That is why it is certainly up to managers to add Perspectives that are important for the company. It could be Ecological Perspective or Public Relations Perspective. Practically, first of all, the Perspectives are defining (usually from 4 to 8 ones) and after that, the process of creating, forming, selecting and substantiation of KPIs for every perspective starts. All the Perspectives and KPIs from operational plan are needed to be linked with the strategic goals they are aimed to achieve.

The map of the article

• Part 1: This part introduces the basic statements of KPI based management. Also it defines the term KPI;
• Part 2: BSC management system’s methodology;
• Part 3: Leading and Lagging indicators concept as an inherent part of KPI based management;
• Part 4: This part presents the basic criteria of what KPI to include in the map;
• Part 5: Cause and effect relations between KPIs;
• Part 6: The beginning of Cascading description: classification of indicators for management according to their importance
• Part 7: Conclusion of Cascading description: Indicative and Imperative KPIs

Expert_KPI Articles, Balanced Scorecard Theory balanced scorecard, BSC, key performance indicator, kpi, multilevel companies, strategy, studies, theory

KPI definition

While creating a model of KPI based management it needs to define the directions of company’s activities aimed to achieve one or another strategic goal; also the strategy itself needs to be overviewed, rebuilt and formalized. Practically, every company has some type of goals. But nevertheless, when it needs these goals to be formalized and detailed, it often causes disagreement between persons concerned. One of the most important actions to be performed in order to direct the business to the strategy is to understand and adjust the main goals, the company needs to achieve. It is not less important, to learn how the system of internal operational activities is functioning and how its performance affects on strategic goals achievement. Defining the factors of influence is needed to establish the linking between operational and strategic activity, which makes it possible to create the strategic map, presenting all the strategic goals along with operational tasks, which work on its achievement. To monitor this map, it needs Key Performance Indicators to be defined. These indicators have to show the performance of the key activities of the company, including internal processes, activities of departments, managers’ decisions, and others.

In this case, KPI could be defined as effectiveness measurement indicators, which present one of the activities of the company, important for one of the strategic goal’s achievement.

KPIs are a kind of language to formalize the strategy and put forward hypotheses. It also needs not to mix up KPI with other measures existing in company’s process. The features, that make indicators to be KPI are the following:

• Answering the purpose of strategy;
• Presenting the performance values, taking into account both operational and functional processes*

(*) Operational process is the one, which involved directly in the creation of product’s or service’s cost and functional process is additional, serving one.

The map of the article

• Part 1: This part introduces the basic statements of KPI based management. Also it defines the term KPI;
• Part 2: BSC management system’s methodology;
• Part 3: Leading and Lagging indicators concept as an inherent part of KPI based management;
• Part 4: This part presents the basic criteria of what KPI to include in the map;
• Part 5: Cause and effect relations between KPIs;
• Part 6: The beginning of Cascading description: classification of indicators for management according to their importance
• Part 7: Conclusion of Cascading description: Indicative and Imperative KPIs

Expert_KPI Articles, Balanced Scorecard Theory balanced scorecard, BSC, key performance indicator, kpi, strategy, studies, theory

Command line interface is available is BSC Designer. Using command line interface you can generate Excel report in a silent mode. This is very useful when you need to integrate BSC Designer with some other business application.

The interface for command line is: [Filename] [-export FileName] [-overwrite]

For example, if you need to export file “Scorecard1.bsc” into Excel file “Report.xls” you should use the following parameters when run BSC Designer from third-party tool:

• “Scorecard1.bsc” -export “Report.xls” -overwrite

When using long paths to the files, be sure you are using “” symbols, such as “C:\program files\BSC Designer\…”

Time-points in reports

Starting version 1.4. Balanced Scorecard Designer supports time points. If you are using time points and need to get report for a certain date, use the “-date” parameter + date as it is according to current computers settings, for instance:

• “Scorecard1.bsc” -export “Report.xls” -overwrite -date 01.24.2007
• Please, note: the date must be according to your current computer settings (it might be DD.MM.YYYY or MM.DD.YYYY, depends on your setttings)

HTML report via command line

It is possible to generate HTML report via command line interface. For that function you should specify starting and ending date for report and add -html key as a parameter

• Example: bsc_designer.exe some_project.bsc -date1 20.12.2007 -date2 02.01.2008 -html -export report.html -overwrite

Other reports:

• -overview key in report will enable generating of overview type report, example: bsc_designer.exe some_project.bsc -html -export report.html -overwrite -overview
• -powerpoint key will generate report in format of PowerPoint presentation (.ppt), example: bsc_designer.exe some_project.bsc -powerpoint -export report.ppt -overwrite

Exporting Strategy Map

Starting version 3.0 Strategy Maps are supported in the BSC Designer. The strategy map can be exported using BSC Designer’s interface or command line:

Syntax for command line:

• bsc_designer.exe BSCFileName -export PictureFileName -StrategyMap [-StrategyMapPlacement <SnowFlake|HTree|Tree|Classical|Cascading|Table|Cyclical|Strategic>] [-StrategyMapLevel <MaxLevel>]
• Check more information about StrategyMapPlacement appearance.

Sample: export of existent map.

• bsc_designer.exe some_project.bsc -export “C:\resulted_file.jpg” -StrategyMap

Sample: export of map as a snowflake.

• bsc_designer.exe some_project.bsc -export “C:\resulted_file.jpg” -StrategyMap -StrategyMapPlacement SnowFlake -StrategyMapLevel 1

admin Articles balanced scorecard, BSC, cmd, command line